See pilus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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}
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},
{
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}
],
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"tags": [
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}
],
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"pos": "noun",
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"word": "flagellum"
}
],
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],
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],
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],
"id": "en-pilus-en-noun-vwVhshjk",
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],
[
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],
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],
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}
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],
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],
"id": "en-pilus-en-noun-4GMdNhZk",
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[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
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"protein",
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],
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"(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions."
],
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]
}
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{
"enpr": "pī′ləs"
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{
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
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"tags": [
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]
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌi̯.ləs/",
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},
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpəj.lus/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑːj.lus/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləs"
}
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"word": "pilus"
}
{
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}
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}
],
"glosses": [
"pilus (bacterial appendage)"
],
"id": "en-pilus-nl-noun-kSnFl1qX",
"links": [
[
"pilus",
"pilus#English"
]
],
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}
],
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}
{
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],
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},
{
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],
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{
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}
],
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],
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}
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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dēpilātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pilōsus"
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],
"descendants": [
{
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{
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"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "per"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "pelo"
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{
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"word": "pilo"
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{
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"lang_code": "unknown"
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{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
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"word": "piu"
}
],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "pèil"
},
{
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},
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{
"lang": "Ligurian",
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},
{
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"word": "pel"
},
{
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"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "pil"
},
{
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"lang_code": "pms",
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},
{
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"word": "pèi"
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{
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"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "pél"
},
{
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"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "päil"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"raw_tags": [
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],
"word": "pelage"
}
],
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}
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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{
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"borrowed",
"fine underfur of certain animals"
],
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},
{
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}
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{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
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"1": "la",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pilus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hair\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"pilus\" id=\"Latin:_hair\">",
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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},
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"args": {
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"t": "felt cap"
},
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{
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"1": "grc",
"2": "πῖλος",
"t": "wool or hair wrought into felt"
},
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"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
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"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Walde, Alois (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), Julius Pokorny, editor, <cite>Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen</cite> (in German), volume II, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 71</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Pokorny, Julius (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1959), <cite>Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</cite> [<cite>Indo-European Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1954), “pilus”, in <cite>Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</cite> (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 304–305</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1985), “pilus”, in <cite>Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots</cite> (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 507b</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
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},
{
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Older sources reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”), with Latin pilleus (“felt cap”), Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”), Proto-Slavic *pь̑lstъ (“felt”) as cognates, but this is no longer accepted.",
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{
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],
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]
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{
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{
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{
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"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
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"plural"
]
},
{
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[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
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"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"pilōrum",
"pilorum#Latin"
]
],
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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[
"pilō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
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"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"pilīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"pilōs",
"pilos#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
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[
"pilō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
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[
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"pilis#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"links": [
[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (genitive pilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi",
"lus"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 39 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a hair"
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-kHJX5xIJ",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally, anatomy) a hair"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "capillus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"literally",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 39 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-wx-Pbqd7",
"links": [
[
"iota",
"iota"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) an insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪ.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":from",
"3": "pīlum<t:javelin>",
"id": "maniple",
"text": "*",
"title": "pīlus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pistlom\nProto-Italic *pistlom\nLatin pīlum\nLatin pīlus\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to crush\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pistlom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pistlom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīlum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīlus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"maniple\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"pīlus\" id=\"Latin:_maniple\">\nFrom pīlum (“javelin”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pistlom\nProto-Italic *pistlom\nLatin pīlum\nLatin pīlus\nFrom pīlum (“javelin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pīlus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlus",
"links": [
[
"pīlus",
"pilus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"links": [
[
"pīlōrum",
"pilorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"links": [
[
"pīlō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"links": [
[
"pīlīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"links": [
[
"pīlum",
"pilum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōs",
"links": [
[
"pīlōs",
"pilos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"links": [
[
"pīlō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"links": [
[
"pīlīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīle",
"links": [
[
"pīle",
"pile#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pīlus m (genitive pīlī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pī",
"lus"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 39 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prīmus pīlus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a maniple of the triāriī; a reserve company of veteran soldiers"
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-E0F86Umz",
"links": [
[
"maniple",
"maniple"
],
[
"triāriī",
"triarius#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pīlum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "pili",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (plural pili, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pilus (bacterial appendage)"
],
"links": [
[
"pilus",
"pilus#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləs/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pilin"
},
{
"word": "pseudopilus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:pilus<id:hair><t:hair>",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"hair\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pil-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pilus\", \"gloss\" : \"hair\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pilus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pilus\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin pilus (“hair”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pili"
},
"expansion": "pilus (plural pili)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi",
"lus"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A hair."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A hair."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Microbiology"
],
"glosses": [
"A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"appendage",
"appendage"
],
[
"bacteria",
"bacteria"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fimbria"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Proteins"
],
"glosses": [
"A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions."
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"bacterial",
"bacterial"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions."
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pī′ləs"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɪ̯.ləs/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌɪ̯.ləs/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"also"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pilus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pilus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pilus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pilus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pilus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑe̯.ləs/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌi̯.ləs/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpəi̯-/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lʌs/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpəj.lus/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑːj.lus/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləs"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pilus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pilu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inessive singular of pilu"
],
"links": [
[
"pilu",
"pilu#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peys-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dēpilātus"
},
{
"word": "pila"
},
{
"word": "pilleus"
},
{
"word": "pilō"
},
{
"word": "pilōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "per"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "per"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "per"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "păr"
}
],
"lang": "Balkan Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "pail"
}
],
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "pelo"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "pilo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "pilu"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pilu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "piu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pèil"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "päil"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pel"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "pèi"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "pel"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "pil"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "pèil"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "pèi"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "pél"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "päil"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "pêl"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "pail"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "peil"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "pel"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "péło"
}
],
"lang": "North Italian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "pêl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pelage"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pelage"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pelage"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "pé"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "peil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pelage"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pelage"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pelage"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "pé"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "poil"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "pèl"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "pel"
}
],
"lang": "Occitano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "pelu"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "pelo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "pelo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "pelo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"raw_tags": [
"/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo"
],
"word": "pelo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "pelo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"fine underfur of certain animals"
],
"word": "pile"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pilo"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh<unc>",
"3": "ine-pro:*pil-",
"id": "hair",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pilus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"hair\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"pilus\" id=\"Latin:_hair\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pilo-",
"t": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pilleus",
"t": "felt cap"
},
"expansion": "Latin pilleus (“felt cap”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῖλος",
"t": "wool or hair wrought into felt"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьlstь",
"3": "*pь̑lstъ",
"4": "felt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pь̑lstъ (“felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Walde, Alois (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), Julius Pokorny, editor, <cite>Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen</cite> (in German), volume II, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 71</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Pokorny, Julius (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1959), <cite>Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</cite> [<cite>Indo-European Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1954), “pilus”, in <cite>Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</cite> (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 304–305</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1985), “pilus”, in <cite>Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots</cite> (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 507b</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">De Vaan, Michiel (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2008), “pilus”, in <cite>Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages</cite> (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 465</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Older sources reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”), with Latin pilleus (“felt cap”), Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”), Proto-Slavic *pь̑lstъ (“felt”) as cognates, but this is no longer accepted.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilī",
"links": [
[
"pilī",
"pili"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pilus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"links": [
[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"links": [
[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōrum",
"links": [
[
"pilōrum",
"pilorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"links": [
[
"pilō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"links": [
[
"pilīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōs",
"links": [
[
"pilōs",
"pilos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"links": [
[
"pilō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"links": [
[
"pilīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"links": [
[
"pilī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (genitive pilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi",
"lus"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"a hair"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally, anatomy) a hair"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "capillus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"literally",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"links": [
[
"iota",
"iota"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) an insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪ.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peys-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prīmus pīlus"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":from",
"3": "pīlum<t:javelin>",
"id": "maniple",
"text": "*",
"title": "pīlus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pistlom\nProto-Italic *pistlom\nLatin pīlum\nLatin pīlus\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to crush\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peys-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pistlom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pistlom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīlum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīlus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"maniple\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"pīlus\" id=\"Latin:_maniple\">\nFrom pīlum (“javelin”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peys-der.\nProto-Indo-European *pistlom\nProto-Italic *pistlom\nLatin pīlum\nLatin pīlus\nFrom pīlum (“javelin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pīlus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlus",
"links": [
[
"pīlus",
"pilus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"links": [
[
"pīlōrum",
"pilorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"links": [
[
"pīlō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"links": [
[
"pīlīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"links": [
[
"pīlum",
"pilum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōs",
"links": [
[
"pīlōs",
"pilos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"links": [
[
"pīlō",
"pilo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"links": [
[
"pīlīs",
"pilis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīle",
"links": [
[
"pīle",
"pile#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"links": [
[
"pīlī",
"pili#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pīlus m (genitive pīlī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pī",
"lus"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a maniple of the triāriī; a reserve company of veteran soldiers"
],
"links": [
[
"maniple",
"maniple"
],
[
"triāriī",
"triarius#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pīlum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pilus meaning in All languages combined (20.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.