See pilus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pilus",
"4": "",
"5": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Latin pilus (“hair”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pili"
},
"expansion": "pilus (plural pili)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hair."
],
"id": "en-pilus-en-noun-ChX2PQi0",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Microbiology",
"orig": "en:Microbiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 74 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 1 18 5 35 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 1 25 6 32 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"id": "en-pilus-en-noun-vwVhshjk",
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"appendage",
"appendage"
],
[
"bacteria",
"bacteria"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 90 4",
"sense": "hairlike appendage",
"word": "fimbria"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Proteins",
"orig": "en:Proteins",
"parents": [
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Body parts",
"Organic compounds",
"Biology",
"Chemistry",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Matter",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions"
],
"id": "en-pilus-en-noun-5fQbl-uK",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"bacterial",
"bacterial"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "pili",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (plural pili)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 1 18 5 35 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 1 25 6 32 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pilus (bacterial appendage)"
],
"id": "en-pilus-nl-noun-kSnFl1qX",
"links": [
[
"pilus",
"pilus#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pilus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 1 18 5 35 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 1 25 6 32 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pilu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inessive singular of pilu"
],
"id": "en-pilus-et-noun-SCTweEj4",
"links": [
[
"pilu",
"pilu#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pila"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pilleus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pilō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pilōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dēpilātus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "păr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: păr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: păr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "pail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pilo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pilo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pilu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pilu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pilu",
"3": "piu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pilu, piu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pilu, piu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pèil",
"3": "päil",
"4": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pèil, päil, pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pèil, päil, pel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "pèi"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: pèi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: pèi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pel",
"3": "pil"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pel, pil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pel, pil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pèil",
"3": "pèi"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pèil, pèi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pèil, pèi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pél",
"3": "päil"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: pél, päil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: pél, päil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pail",
"3": "peil",
"4": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pail, peil, pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pail, peil, pel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "péło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: péło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: péło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peil",
"3": "poil"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peil, poil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peil, poil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poil"
},
"expansion": "French: poil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pelage",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ pelage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: poil ⇒ pelage"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pelage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pelage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pelage"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "pé"
},
"expansion": "Norman: pé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: pé"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pèl"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pèl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pèl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pelu",
"3": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pelu, pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pelu, pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pelo",
"qq": "/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pelo (/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pelo (/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "fine underfur of certain animals"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pile (fine underfur of certain animals)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pile (fine underfur of certain animals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "pilo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: pilo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pilo-",
"t": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pilleus",
"t": "felt cap"
},
"expansion": "Latin pilleus (“felt cap”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῖλος",
"t": "wool or hair wrought into felt"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьlstь",
"t": "felt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pьlstь (“felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Older sources reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”), with Latin pilleus (“felt cap”), Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”), Proto-Slavic *pьlstь (“felt”) as cognates, but this is no longer accepted.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pilus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (genitive pilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 40 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 38 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hair."
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-ChX2PQi0",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A hair."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "capillus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 40 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 38 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-YoSaNjqm",
"links": [
[
"iota",
"iota"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Julius Pokorny",
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From pīlum (“javelin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pīlus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pīlus m (genitive pīlī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 40 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 38 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prīmus pīlus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A maniple of the triāriī; a reserve company of veteran soldiers."
],
"id": "en-pilus-la-noun-nSdW51nE",
"links": [
[
"maniple",
"maniple"
],
[
"triāriī",
"triarii"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pīlum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "pili",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (plural pili)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pilus (bacterial appendage)"
],
"links": [
[
"pilus",
"pilus#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pilus",
"4": "",
"5": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Latin pilus (“hair”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pili",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pili"
},
"expansion": "pilus (plural pili)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hair."
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Microbiology"
],
"glosses": [
"A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"appendage",
"appendage"
],
[
"bacteria",
"bacteria"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) A hairlike appendage found on the cell surface of many bacteria."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Proteins"
],
"glosses": [
"A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions"
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"bacterial",
"bacterial"
],
[
"protein",
"protein"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "hairlike appendage",
"word": "fimbria"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pilus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pilu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inessive singular of pilu"
],
"links": [
[
"pilu",
"pilu#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pila"
},
{
"word": "pilleus"
},
{
"word": "pilō"
},
{
"word": "pilōsus"
},
{
"word": "dēpilātus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: per"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "păr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: păr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: păr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "pail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pilo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pilo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pilu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pilu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pilu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pilu",
"3": "piu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pilu, piu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pilu, piu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pèil",
"3": "päil",
"4": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pèil, päil, pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pèil, päil, pel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "pèi"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: pèi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: pèi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pel",
"3": "pil"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pel, pil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pel, pil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pèil",
"3": "pèi"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pèil, pèi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pèil, pèi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pél",
"3": "päil"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: pél, päil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: pél, päil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pail",
"3": "peil",
"4": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pail, peil, pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pail, peil, pel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "péło"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: péło",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: péło"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "peil",
"3": "poil"
},
"expansion": "Old French: peil, poil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: peil, poil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poil"
},
"expansion": "French: poil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pelage",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ pelage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: poil ⇒ pelage"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pelage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pelage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pelage"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "pé"
},
"expansion": "Norman: pé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: pé"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pèl"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pèl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pèl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pelu",
"3": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pelu, pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pelu, pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pelo",
"qq": "/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pelo (/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pelo (/l/ likely kept by analogy with cabelo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pelo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pelo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pelo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "fine underfur of certain animals"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pile (fine underfur of certain animals)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pile (fine underfur of certain animals)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "pilo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: pilo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: pilo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pilo-",
"t": "hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pilleus",
"t": "felt cap"
},
"expansion": "Latin pilleus (“felt cap”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῖλος",
"t": "wool or hair wrought into felt"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьlstь",
"t": "felt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pьlstь (“felt”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Older sources reconstruct Proto-Indo-European *pilo- (“hair”), with Latin pilleus (“felt cap”), Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos, “wool or hair wrought into felt”), Proto-Slavic *pьlstь (“felt”) as cognates, but this is no longer accepted.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pilus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pilō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pilīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pilī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pilus m (genitive pilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pilus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A hair."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A hair."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "capillus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"links": [
[
"iota",
"iota"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An insignificant amount; iota; least amount"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Julius Pokorny",
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "pilus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prīmus pīlus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From pīlum (“javelin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pīlus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pīle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pīlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pīlus m (genitive pīlī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pīlus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A maniple of the triāriī; a reserve company of veteran soldiers."
],
"links": [
[
"maniple",
"maniple"
],
[
"triāriī",
"triarii"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pīlum"
}
],
"word": "pilus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pilus meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.